28 Mart 2013 Perşembe
14 Mart 2013 Perşembe
Cycling is bad for the environment
http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1303/130305-cycling_1.mp3
http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1303/130305-cycling.mp3
An American (1) ____ has said cycling is bad for the environment. He also said cyclists should pay a (2) ____ to ride their bikes on the roads. Ed Orcutt, a representative from Washington State, sent an e-mail to the (3) ____ of a local bike shop to outline his thinking. He wrote: "A cyclist has an increased heart rate and (4) ____. That means that the act of riding a bike results in greater emissions of carbon dioxide from the rider. Since CO2 is…a (5) ____ gas…cyclists are actually polluting when they ride." Mr Orcutt said: "You can't just say that there's no pollution as a result of riding a bicycle….You would be (6) ____ off more CO2 if you are riding a bike than driving in a car."
Mr Orcutt also believes cyclists should be taxed to use the roads. He said it was (7) ____ that motorists have to pay all of the costs of building and repairing roads. He wrote: "Currently (8) ____ are paying to use their cars on the roads…so if cars pay for the roads they are (9) ____, it only makes sense that bicyclists would also be required to pay for the roads they use when they are actually (10) ____ on them." Dale Carlson, owner of the Tech Bike Shop said Mr Orcutt's ideas were wrong. He wrote: "People who choose to ride a bicycle instead (11) ____ driving a car actively reduce congestion." He added: "They save wear and (12) ____ on our roads and bridges, and reduce the [need for police] to patrol our highways."
Put the correct words from the table below in the above article.
| 1. | (a) | lawman | (b) | lawyer | (c) | lawnmower | (d) | lawmaker |
| 2. | (a) | taxing | (b) | taxes | (c) | taxi | (d) | tax |
| 3. | (a) | owns | (b) | owner | (c) | owning | (d) | own |
| 4. | (a) | desperation | (b) | perspiration | (c) | respiration | (d) | relaxation |
| 5. | (a) | greenish | (b) | Greenland | (c) | greenhouse | (d) | greenie |
| 6. | (a) | giving | (b) | taking | (c) | moving | (d) | doing |
| 7. | (a) | fair | (b) | unfair | (c) | unfairly | (d) | fairly |
| 8. | (a) | motorists | (b) | motors | (c) | motored | (d) | motorist |
| 9. | (a) | useful | (b) | using | (c) | usable | (d) | used |
| 10. | (a) | bicycles | (b) | biker | (c) | biking | (d) | cyclists |
| 11. | (a) | for | (b) | from | (c) | of | (d) | as |
| 12. | (a) | bear | (b) | fear | (c) | pear | (d) | tear |
EU bans sale of all animal-tested cosmetics
http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1303/130313-animal_testing.mp3
http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/1303/130313-animal_testing_1.mp3
People in Europe will no (1) ____ be able to buy cosmetics that were tested on animals. The European Union has banned (2) ____ cosmetics that were developed using animal testing. The EU is also asking other countries to do the (3) ____. The total ban follows an earlier one from 2009, when companies could test on animals for (4) ____ human health issues. Tonio Borg, the EU's commissioner for health, said the ban, "gives an important signal on the (5) ____ that Europe attaches to animal welfare". Mr Borg said the EU would help the industry find different ways of developing new cosmetics. He said this would, "(6) ____ an example of responsible innovation in cosmetics without any compromise on consumer safety".
Animal rights campaigners say the ban is an (7) ____ victory. They have campaigned for decades (8) ____ animal testing. A spokesman from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals charity said: "Animal testing in the (9) ____ of beauty has never been acceptable." He added the work for animal rights activists was not (10) ____. "This is a great day for animals but…there are still many animals being used across the world to develop cosmetics," he said. Cosmetics companies were very (11) ____ over the new law. A Cosmetics Europe spokesman said European companies would fall behind in developing new products. He added that, "consumers in Europe won't have (12) ____ to new products".
Put the correct words from the table below in the above article.
| 1. | (a) | long | (b) | length | (c) | longer | (d) | longing |
| 2. | (a) | all | (b) | whole | (c) | entire | (d) | every |
| 3. | (a) | same | (b) | name | (c) | game | (d) | came |
| 4. | (a) | serious | (b) | series | (c) | sores | (d) | cereals |
| 5. | (a) | amount | (b) | volume | (c) | cost | (d) | value |
| 6. | (a) | get | (b) | bet | (c) | let | (d) | set |
| 7. | (a) | important | (b) | importance | (c) | imported | (d) | importantly |
| 8. | (a) | opposite | (b) | again | (c) | rival | (d) | against |
| 9. | (a) | name | (b) | shame | (c) | blame | (d) | game |
| 10. | (a) | above | (b) | over | (c) | around | (d) | through |
| 11. | (a) | fury | (b) | angry | (c) | madly | (d) | cross |
| 12. | (a) | access | (b) | recess | (c) | success | (d) | depress |
Don't Be Stupid
http://www.rong-chang.com/ne/audio/es105.mp3
Why do people ................... stupid things? Some people try to walk across freeways. They get run over. Some people ................... on the edge of cliffs. They slip and fall to their ................... Some people think a gun is not loaded. They ................... the gun at a friend. They pull the trigger. They kill ................... friend. Some people want to watch a storm up close. They go to the ocean. They feel the ................... They see the big waves. They are ................... Then a big wave takes them out to sea. They drown. Many people ................... school. They say that school is boring. They want to ................... School is not fun. They hate homework. They get a job at McDonald's. All day ................... they ask the ................... "Do you want fries with that?" Is that fun? No, but it is stupid. Some people ................... their wives or husbands. They get ................... Their marriage ends. They are alone. Many people smoke cigarettes. They get cancer. Many people drink and drive. Drinking and driving is ................... the law. It's ................... It's stupid. But people do it every day.
Rewrite Exercises
Rewrite the Sentences by using the words in brackets.
1. Mr. Short used a long ladder. He wanted to reach the high ceiling. (so that)
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. My father gave me extra money. He didn’t want me to borrow any from my friends.
(in case)
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Andrew’s friends visited him. They wanted to congratulate him on his graduation.
(in order to)
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I’m learning English. I want to get a better job. (to)
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The driver stopped. Then the children could cross the road. (so that)
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Tom put the cream in the fridge. That would keep it cool. (to)
………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Mark is going to repair the roof. Then the rain won’t come in. (so that)
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. We often switch off the heating. It saves money. (in order to)
………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Pamela wore boots. Her feet wouldn’t get wet. (so that)
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. They have a car, but they rarely use it. (though)
…………………………………………………………………………………
11. He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although)
…………………………………………………………………………………
12. He was a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them. (even though)
…………………………………………………………………………………
13. He stayed up late, even though he was very tired. (despite)
…………………………………………………………………………………
14. He stayed outside in the cold weather, even though he felt ill. (despite)
…………………………………………………………………………………
15. People continue to smoke, even though they know the dangers. (in spite of)
…………………………………………………………………………………
16. It rained this morning. The children played in the garden. (while)
………………………………………………………………………………………
17. What did you do? The doorbell rang. (when)
………………………………………………………………………………………
18. I walked along Main Street. I realized a man behind me. (when)
………………………………………………………………………………………
19. I started to play football when I was five. (since)
………………………………………………………………………………………
20. The windows are dirty. I last cleaned them last month. (since)
………………………………………………………………………………………
21. He last shaved a week ago. (for)
………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Maybe the train leaves at six. I don’t catch it. (If)
………………………………………………………………………………………
23. He went to London. He wanted to work there. (to)
………………………………………………………………………………………
24. No sound could be heard. The walls were very thick. (because)
………………………………………………………………………………………
25. My bed is terribly hard. I can’t sleep well. (so ……… that)
………………………………………………………………………………………
26. We bought this house in 1990. (since)
………………………………………………………………………………………
27. He may come late. He will call us. (If)
………………………………………………………………………………………
28. Paris isn’t as crowded as New York. (more)
………………………………………………………………………………………
29. You can't go out if you don't wear your coat. (without)
………………………………………………………………………………………
30. You will get higher grade when you study more. (by)
………………………………………………………………………………………
Join each pair of sentences using SO / SUCH ….. (THAT):
1. It was a very warm evening. We had dinner outside in the garden.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. He was very nervous. He couldn’t eat anything.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Our neighbours’ party was very noisy. We couldn’t sleep.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. The restaurant was very crowded. They couldn’t find anywhere to sit down.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
5. We were all having a good time. We didn’t want to stop.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
6. He’s got a very good memory. He never needs to write anythind down.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
Relative Clause Activities
Join the sentences using WHO, WHEN, WHERE, WHICH or WHOSE:
1. She’s the girl. She works in the library.
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. Corfu is an island. It has many beautiful beaches.
…………………………………………………………………………………
3. Here’s the alarm clock. I bought it yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. I’ve spoken to John. His house was burgled last Monday.
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. That’s the lady. Her jewellery was stolen.
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. That is the radio. I won it in the competition.
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. John is the man. His house was destroyed by the fire.
…………………………………………………………………………………
8. There is the hospital. I was born there.
…………………………………………………………………………………
9. That was the summer. I met my wife then.
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. That is Fiona Webb. She is a famous dancer.
…………………………………………………………………………………
11. France is the country. The best wine is produced there.
…………………………………………………………………………………
12. 1945 was the year. The Second World War ended then.
…………………………………………………………………………………
13. That’s the hotel. I stayed there last summer.
…………………………………………………………………………………
14. August is the month. Most people go on holiday then.
…………………………………………………………………………………
Complete the conversation using WHO, WHICH, WHOSE or WHERE:
Simon: Hi Nigel! Where did you go on holiday?
Nigel : I went to Greece …where ….. I had a nice time.
Simon: Did you see anything exciting?
Nigel : Yes. I went to the Acropolis, …………………. is very famous. I also went to the
place …………………the first Olympic Games were held.
Simon : Did you meet anyone interesting there?
Nigel : Yes. I met a girl ……………….. was from England. She knew a Greek family……...
lived in Athens and she took me to meet them. They were a very rich and kind
family ………………. friendliness made me feel very welcome.
Simon : It sounds like you enjoyed yourself!
Nigel : Yes, it’s a place ………………. I would like to go back.
Complete the sentences with WHO / WHICH / WHERE / WHOSE:
My friend ……………….. took me to a restaurant works in a big shop ……………… sells
expensive shoes. The restaurant ……………………. we had lunch was very modern. The food
………………….. they served was excellent. The waiters ………………….. shirts were silk
were always busy with the customers …………………… wallets were full of money.
The table ………………… we had was near a window, so we could see the cars …………….
were parked by the rich customers ourside the restaurant. They were being watched by a young
man in uniform.
After we had finished the meals, the waiter …………………my friend called came with a
small silver box …………………. he had already put the bill in. When my friend took the bill
out of the box, he opened his eyes in surprise because he had never had to pay so much money
before.
Supply the Correct Tense and Voice
Supply the CORRECT TENSE or VOICE:
1. After he …………………………………….. (decide / give up) smoking, he …………..
………………………. (begin / carry) a pocket of sweets in his pocket …………………
(prevent) him from smoking.
2. He must have a break. He …………………………………………….. (drive) for hours.
3. My cousin, Tom ………………………………………. (just / finish) his military service.
He ………………………………………….. (look) for a good job since then. Yesterday
he …………………………… (receive) a letter from his old boss. In his letter, he says he
needs him again, but Tom ……………………………………….. (not / want / work) with
him. Because they ……………………………………. (have) some problems before he
…………………………….. (leave) his job.
4. After they …………………………………… (learn) the new words last term, they
…………………………. (start) the course book.
5. Please don’t disturb us, we ……………………………………… (record) the Director’s
conversation.
6. Just as I …………………………………. (get up) my brother ……………………..
(take) a photo of me.
7. Steve ……………………………….. (have) a lot of girlfriends by the time he
………………………….. (get) married.
8. We are quite anxious about Jane now. She …………………… (leave) home a fortnight
ago to spend her vacation with her friends but she ………………………….. (write) to us
yet.
9. They ……………………………. (live) in bad conditions since the war …………………
(start).
10. Before I ……………………….. (come) to the USA, I …………………………... (study)
English in my own country.
11. I …………………………………….. (not / have) any trouble with my car so far.
12. The building at the top of the hill …………………………………. (build) in 1920. A
number of changes ………………………………………. (make) since then.
13. When the boss …………………………. (come) in the office, the letters ……………….
……………………….. (type) by the secretary.
14. Barbara is a writer. She ………………. already …………………. (write) several novels.
A few years ago, she ………………………………… (give) the Pulitzer Prize.
15. Tom’s father ……………………………………….. (go / swim) everyday. He says
swimming ……………………. (be) really good to keep fit.
16. Everybody …………………………………… (know) him as an honest man since he
………………………………………. (start / live) here.
17. A: What is the crowd?
B: A little boy ……………………………………… (kidnap) by two men and the police
………………………………………… (look) for them along the river since then.
18. All dinner ……………………………………. (eat) before they …………………………
(finish) the conersation.
19. As it …………………………………….. (rain), a car accident ………………………….
(happen) on Main Street.
20. The bills …………………………………….. (pay) yet.
21. The tourits ……………………………………. (wait) for hours at the airport by the time
their plane ………………………………… (take off).
22. Most of the houses ……………………………………. (pull) down last month, but they
………………………………… (not / touch) the old shop at the corner yet.
23. He ……………………………….. (be) in different countries before he ………………….
(arrest) by the police.
Tense Review
A) Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the PRESENT CONTINUOUS or
PRESENT SIMPLE:
1. Please be quiet. I ………………………………… (try) to read the paper.
2. This is a very quiet town. Where ……………………………………. (people / go) in the
evenings?
3. John ……………………………. (drink) milk every night, but now he …………………...
(drink) tea.
4. What ………………………………………. (you / do) with all that paper and glue?
5. I …………………………………….. (not / use) the computer at the moment so you can
use it.
6. ………………………………………………………. (Karen and John / ever / write) to
you?
B) PRESENT CONTINUOUS or PRESENT SIMPLE in context. Put in the right form of
the verb in brackets:
Laura : Hello, George! What ……………………………………… (you / do) these days?
George : Hi, Laura. I ……………………………….. (learn) French and Spanish at college.
What about you?
Laura : Me? Oh, I ……………………………… (work) at a Travel Agency until August.
George : ………………………………………. (you / like) it?
Laura : Yes, I do. I …………………………… (work) in the shop most mornings, and
three afternoons a week the manager ………………….. (tell) me about the travel
business. I …………………… (work) quite long hours. I ……………………….
(not / get) home until six, but I ………………………. (prefer) that to not having
enough to do.
George : Yes, I …………………………… (work) hard too at the moment.It ………………
(become) more and more difficult to get a job using languages. They …………….
(ask) for higher and higher exam grades all the time.
Laura : You can do it, George. You ……………… (be) clever.
George : Thanks. Laura.
C. Fill in the blanks to complete the movie review. Use the correct tense of the verbs given:
E.T. by JOE BERNES
Last night, I saw a good movie. The title of the movie was E.T. It was an excellent film. Tomy surprise. I ….. laughed ….. (laugh), I ……………………… (cry), and I …………………..
(worry) about the little creature from space, and I completely …………………………. (enjoy)
the show.
The story is about an extraterrestrial person named E.T. He ………………………. (land) on
earth in a flying saucer. But his space ship …………………………. (depart) without him. A
little American boy ………………………… (discover) E.T. They …………………….. (play)
together and they ………………………….. (like) each other a lot. But E.T. ……………………
(miss) his home. He ……………………….. (want) to go back. He ………………………. (plan)
his return trip, but then …
Well, go and see this excellent summer film and find out about E.T.
Use the correct form of the verbs:
1. The Bartons ……………… (go) to the mountains last weekend. While they ……………...
(have) lunch, a man ……………………. (fall) down the tree. They ……………………… (take)
him to the hospital in their car. They ……………………………………… (visit) him twice in
the hospital since that time. The man ………………….. (be) better now and the doctors say he
………………………………….. (leave) the hospital soon. When The Bartons …………………
(visit) him yesterday, they ………………………. (take) him a bunch of flowers. The man
…………………. (be) very happy and …………………………. (thank) them. Mr. Barton now
says he ……………………………………. (spend) the next weekend at the seaside and he
…………………………… (hope) there …………………………………. (not / be) any more
accidents.
2. I …………………………. (finish) school last month and I ………………………………..
(not / have) a job yet, but fortunately I ……………………. (have) a job interview tomorrow. I
usually ……………………. (get) up early so often …………………….. (sleep) at around half
past ten. I …………………. (be) a little excited last night and because of this I ………………..
………………………….. (want / watch) TV before I ……………………… (go) to bed. There
………………….. (be) a film about birds on TV and while I ……………………………… (sit)
on the sofa, I …………………….. (fall) asleep. …………….. you …………………. (have) a
terrible dream? Well, I …………………. (have) one last night. In my dream I ……………. (be)
a parrot and my apartment flat …………….. (be) on the tenth floor of a big building. A big cat
……………………………………….. (want / catch) me so I …………………………………..
(begin / fly). I …………………….. (have) nowhere …………………… (go) because the door
………………… (be) locked. Suddenly the cat ………………………… (attack) me. It nearly
…………………………. (kill) me. While I ……………………………. (shout) in pain,a voice
……………………(say), “ ………………… you ………………….. (see) my books? I can’t
find them.” When I ……………………… (open) my eyes, I ……………………. (feel) very
happy ………………. (see) my sister. Of course she …………………………………. (not /
understand) the reason but I ………………………… (give) her a big kiss.
San Francisco
The area had long been inhabited by native Americans, the Ohlone (meaning “people of the west”) before the first Spanish immigrants came to settle in this part of the country. After the Mexican-American War, the small town became American territory, and when the California gold rush started in 1848, the population increased enormously. Nowadays San Francisco is famous especially for its cable car and the Golden Gate Bridge.
Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge connects the city of San Francisco and San Francisco Peninsula. It spans the Golden Gate, a straitbetween the Pacific Ocean and the San Francisco Bay–that’s where the name Golden Gate Bridge comes from.
Construction on the bridge began in 1933 and was completed in 1937. The bridge rises 230 m above the water. With its total length of 1970 meters it was the longest suspension bridge in the world until 1964. The bridge is part of the United States Highway 101, has six lanes and a footpath on each side.
Grammar Exercise on the Text
Relative Clauses
Relative clauses are formed with »who« or »that« gebildet. We use »who« for people and »that« for animals, things or events.
Stonehenge
Stonehenge is a mystical place. Its stone circles are probably more than 4,000 years old. The huge stones come from an area about 30 km north of Stonehenge. The smaller stones possibly are from the Preseli Mountains in Wales, almost 400 km away from Stonehenge.
Nobody knows for sure what the function of Stonehenge was. Maybe it was a druid temple. Maybe it was a sacrificial altar. Maybe it was some kind of observatory.
Simple Past vs Past Perfect Simple
Form
| Simple Past | Past Perfect Simple |
|---|---|
2nd column of irregular verbs
|
had + 3rd column of irregular verbs
|
regular verbs: infinitive + ed
|
regular verbs: form of have + infinitive + ed
|
Exercise 1
Present Perfect Simple – Present Perfect Progressive
Form
| Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Progressive |
|---|---|
irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs
regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed
|
form of 'have' + been + verb + ing
|
Result or duration?
Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been going on yet?
| Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Progressive |
|---|---|
| Result (what / how much / how often)
I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice.
| Duration (how long)
I have been writing for an hour.
|
Certain verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple (not in the progressive form).
- state: be, have (for possession only)Example: We have been on holiday for two weeks.
- senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touchExample: He has touched the painting.
- brain work: believe, know, think, understandExample: I have known him for 3 years.
Exercise 1
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Progressive).- A: (you / play / ever) tennis?
- B: I (play / only) tennis once or twice. And you?
- A: I (learn) tennis for two years.
- B: (you / take) part in any competitions yet?
- A: I (participate) in four contests this year.
- B: (you / win) any prizes so far?
- A: No, I (win / not) anything yet. I'm not that good yet. (you / enter / ever) a contest?
- B: I (swim) for seven years and I (receive / already) some trophies.
Exercise 2
Use the verbs in Present Perfect Progressive, if possible. If it is not possible, use the Present Perfect Simple.- We (know) them for 15 years.
- They (watch) TV for 3 hours.
- He (have) this car for 20 years.
- We (work) for 7 hours without a break.
- How long (you / learn) English?
- Mr Smith (be) in hospital for 5 days.
- Steven (hear) a mouse squeak all night.
- (you / see) Brona?
- She (prepare) dinner for two hours.
- Don't worry, they (touch / not) your gameboy.
Present Perfect Progressive
Form of Present Perfect Progressive
| Positive | Negative | Question | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | I have been speaking. | I have not been speaking. | Have I been speaking? |
| he / she / it | He has been speaking. | He has not been speaking. | Has he been speaking? |
Signal Words of Present Perfect Progressive
- all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
Test your knowledge on the Present Perfect Progressive. After submitting your answers, you will see how well you have done in the test.
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