9 Nisan 2013 Salı

Noun Clauses


NOUN CLAUSES WHICH BEGIN WITH A QUESTION WORD

Question                         Noun Clause
Where does she live?                     I don’t know where she lives.
What did he say?                            I couldn’t hear what he said.
When do they arrive?                    Do you know when they arrive?
Notice: does / do  and did are used in questions but not in noun clauses.
e.g. I couldn’t hear what did he say.
Who lives there?                             I don’t know who lives there.
What happened?                             Please tell me what happened.
Who is at the door?                                   I wonder who is at the door.

EXERCISE 1
Change the question in brackets into a noun clause.
(How old is she?)   I don’t know …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(Where do you live?)   Please tell me …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(When are they coming?)   Do you know …………………………………………………………………………………………...?
(How much does it cost?)   I can't remember …………………………………………………………………………………..
EXERCISE 2
Make questions from the sentences given below. The words in brackets should be the answer to the question you make. Use a question word (who/what/how/etc). Then change the question to a noun clause.
e.g.  That man is (Mr Robertson)
      (Question)  Who is that man?
      (Noun Cl)    I want to know who that man is.
George lives (in Los Angeles).
      (Question)   …………………………………………………………………….
      (Noun Cl)     I want to know …………………………………………………………………….
Ann bought (a new dictionary)
      (Question)   …………………………………………………………………….
      (Noun Cl)     Do you know …………………………………………………………………….
Jack was late for school (because he missed the bus)
      (Question)   …………………………………………………………………….
      (Noun Cl)     The teacher wants to know …………………………………………………………………….

That is (Ann’s) pen.
      (Question)   …………………………………………………………………….
      (Noun Cl)     He wonders …………………………………………………………………….

NOUN CLAUSES WHICH BEGIN WITH IF
YES/NO question                Noun Clause
Will she come?                                I don’t know if she will come.
Does she need help?                                   I wonder if she needs help.
NOTICE: when yes/no question is changed to a noun clause, IF is used to introduce the clause.

EXERCISE 3
Rewrite the sentences using a noun clause.
Does she like me?
   I wonder ....................................................................
Should we wait for him?
      Do you think ..............................................................
Did mum pay the bill?
      Do you remember .....................................................
Is he in trouble?
      I want to know ..........................................................
Do we have enough time to have a cup of coffee?
      I wonder .....................................................................

EXERCISE 4
Make a new sentence from these questions.
1 Where is the post office?
Could you tell me ...........................................................................?
2 What does this word mean?
Do you know ....................................................................................?
3 What’s the time?
I wonder ..........................................................................................
4 Do they often punish you?
You can tell me ..............................................................................
5 Where did you park your car?
Can't you remember .....................................................................?
6 Have the police found the missing boy?
We wonder .....................................................................................
7 Where does Jack live?
Do you have any idea ....................................................................?
8 What time did they leave?
Who knows ......................................................................................?
9 Where can I change some money?
Could you tell me ...........................................................................?
10  Why didnt Tom come to the party?
I don’t know ....................................................................................... 


Excersise 1

Exercise 1: Change the questions to a noun clause.
1.     What time is it?
I would like to know ____________________________________________________.
2.    Why don’t they like go dancing?
__________________________________________________ is a mystery.
3.    Who left open the door of the car?
He doesn’t saw ________________________________________________________.
4.    Who is the lady in the black dress?
I wonder to know ______________________________________________________. 
5.    Whose car is this?
Does he know _______________________________________________________?
6.    What time did the flight arrive?
She would like to know _______________________________________________.
7.    How much cost the T-shirt?
Tom didn’t ask ______________________________________________________.
8.    Which one is the capital of India?
_______________________________ was the question that the teacher made.
9.    When is mother’s day?
Melissa doesn’t remember ____________________________________________.
10.  Why she couldn’t take the bus on time?
Her mother can understand ___________________________________________.

Excercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the suitable conjunctions given
(more than one alternative might be possible in some cases)
 that         why             if            which             whether                when
 who        where          whose      what           how
1. The poor boy couldn't ever learn __________ killed him.
2. I've been trying to understand __________ it is Nick who insisted that the teachers should come
up with a new proposal to the next meeting in order to improve their teaching ability.
3. You'll be surprised to learn __________ hair I've found on the collar of your husband.
4. __________ really want to find out is __________ you've made this mistake on purpose.
5. You should have guessed __________ she would surely let you down even at the most 
unexpected occasions.
6. It's clearly understood __________ he took the trouble to help you in the garden.
7. __________ he's telling the truth or not will never be known.
8. It is not difficult to understand __________ different people speak different languages.
9. People, at times, can be so blind that they don't even see __________ is in front of their eyes.


Word Formation

An English word can consist of three parts: the root, a prefix, and a suffix. The root is the part of the word that contains the basic meaning, or definition of the word. The prefix is a word element placed in front of the root, which changes the word's meaning or makes a new word. A suffix is a word element placed after the root, which changes the word's meaning as well as its function.

Common Prefixes

Prefix Meaning Examples
anti-
against
antibiotic
bi-
two
bicycle
contra-
against
contradict
di-
two
diameter, dichotomy
dis-
apart, away from
dissatisfied, disillusion
ex
former
ex-wife
ex-, e-
go out from
exit
extra-
beyond
extraterrestrial
hyper-
extremely
hyperactive
in-, im-, il-, ir-
negative, not
incapable, impossible, illogical, irresponsible
inter-
between
interaction, intermingle
intra-
within
intracoastal
intro-
inward
introduction
macro-
large
macroeconomics
micro-
tiny, small
microscope
mis-
wrong
misuse, misinform
mono-
one
monolingual
multi-
many
multinational
neo-
new
neophyte, neonatal
non-
negative, not
non-binding
omni-
all
omnipotent
poly-
many
polyglot
post-
after
postwar
pre-
before
previous
re-
again
reply, rearrange
retro-
backwards
retroactive
semi-
half
semiannual
sub-
under
submarine, subordinate
super-
above
supersede
tri-
three
tricycle, triplets
un-
negative, not
unidentified
uni-
one
unilateral




Common Suffixes

Suffix
 
Part of Speech
 
Examples
-er, -or
noun
teacher, director
-ance, -ence
noun
difference, attendance
-ant, -ent
noun
deviant, President
-ee
noun
employee, trainee
-ess
noun
stewardess, waitress
-ian
noun
electrician, beautician
-ism
noun
Communism, theism
-ics
noun
mathematics, statistics
-ist
noun
chemist, artist
-ity
noun
rarity, velocity
-ment
noun
achievement, astonishment
-ness
noun
happiness, fondness
-ship
noun
relationship, friendship
-tion, -ation
noun
action, coronation






-ate
verb
deviate, create
-ify
verb
typify, solidify
-ize
verb
tenderize, authorize






-able, -ible
adjective
reliable, capable, sensible
-al
adjective
comical, radical
-ful
adjective
wonderful, helpful
-ish
adjective
impish, sheepish
-ive
adjective
creative, sensitive
-ous, ious
adjective
dangerous, impervious






-ly
adverb
quickly, happily
-ally
adverb
athletically, accidentally